Iningi Labanikazi Bezilwane Ezifuywayo Bondla Izilwane Ezifuywayo Zokuthengisa Ukudla Kwezilwane Ezifuywayo. Ngoba Ukudla Kwezilwane Ezifuywayo Okuthengiswayo Kunezinzuzo Zokudla Okunomsoco Okuphelele Nokucebile, Ukudla Okulungile nokunye. Ngokusho Kwezindlela Ezihlukene Zokucubungula Nokuqukethwe Kwamanzi, Ukudla Kwezilwane Kungahlukaniswa Ngokudla Kwesilwane Esomile, Ukudla Kwezilwane Ezifuywayo Ezingama-Semi-Moist, Nokudla Kwezilwane Ezisethinini; Ngokuvumelana ne-Texture, Ukudla Kwezilwane Kungahlukaniswa Ngokudla Okuxubile, Ukudla Okuthambile Okumanzi, Nokudla Okumile. Kwesinye isikhathi Kunzima Ukushintsha Indlela Izilwane Ezifuywayo Ezidla Ngayo, Ngisho Noma Ukudla Okusha Okunikezwa Isilwane Sasekhaya Kunomsoco Futhi Kuhlangabezana Nezidingo.
Ukudla Kwezilwane Ezifuywayo Ezomile Ngokuvamile Kuqukethe Amanzi Angu-10% Kuya Ku-12%. Ukudla Okumile Kuhlanganisa Ukudla Kwempuphu Emahhashi, Ukudla Okusanhlamvu, Ukudla Okugayiwe Okuqinile, Ukudla Okukhukhumeziwe Nokudla Okubhakiwe, Phakathi Okuvame Futhi Okudumile Okungukudla Okukhukhumeziwe. Ukudla Kwezilwane Ezifuywayo Ezomile Ikakhulukazi Kuhlanganiswe Okusanhlamvu, Imikhiqizo Yezinhlamvu, Imikhiqizo Yesoya, Imikhiqizo Yezilwane, Imikhiqizo Yezilwane (Kuhlanganisa Imikhiqizo Yobisi), Amafutha, Amavithamini Namaminerali. Ukudla Kwekati Elomile Kuvame Ukukhishwa. Amakati Awanazo Izidumbu, Ngakho-ke Ama-Pellet Okudla Kwekati Kumelwe Abunjwe Futhi Alinganiswe Ukuze Asikwe Ngeziqhumane Kunokuba Agaye Nge-Molars, Futhi Inqubo Yokukhipha Ifaneleka Kahle Ukuze Kufezeke Lesi Simfuneko Esikhethekile (Rokey And Huber, 1994)(Nrc 2006).
Ukudla Okuphuphuma Komile
01: Umgomo Wokunwetshwa Kwe-Extrusion
Inqubo Yokukhukhumeza Iwukuba Ukuxuba Ama-Powders Ahlukahlukene Ngokwefomula Eklanyelwe, Bese Ufaka Isimo Se-steam, Bese Ukhipha Ngaphansi Kokushisa Okuphezulu Nokucindezela Okuphezulu Ngemva Kokuguga, Bese Ukufa Ekuphumeni Kwegumbi Lokukhipha Ngokungazelelwe Kwehla Emazingeni Okushisa Nokucindezela, Okubangela. Izinhlayiya Zomkhiqizo Ukuze Zinwebe Ngokushesha. Futhi Sika Umumo Odingekayo Wezinhlangothi Ezintathu Ngesisiki.
Inqubo Yokukhukhumeza Ingahlukaniswa Ngokuphefumula Okumile Nokuphefumula Okumanzi Ngokwenani Lamanzi Angeziwe; Ngokuvumelana Nesimiso Sokusebenza, Ingahlukaniswa I-Extrusion Puffing Kanye Ne-Gas Hot-Press Puffing. I-Extrusion And Puffing Kuyinqubo Yezimo Nezinto Zokuthambisa, Ukukhipha Ingcindezi Eqhubekayo, Ukunciphisa Ukucindezela Kungazelelwe, kanye Nokwenyuswa Kwevolumu.
Njengamanje, Iningi Lokudla Kwezinja Okudayiswa Emakethe Kukhiqizwa Ngokukhipha Nokufuthelana. I-Extrusion And Puffing Process Ingenza Isitashi Ekudleni Sifinyelele Izinga Eliphakeme Le-Gelatinization, Ukuze Kuthuthukiswe Ukugaya Kwesitashi Ngezilwane Ezifuywayo (Mercier And Feillit, 1975) (Nrc 2006).
02: Inqubo Yokukhipha Nokukhukhumeza
Indlela Yohlelo Olujwayelekile Lwesimanje Lokukhipha Iwukuba Ukulungisa Izimpushana Ezihlukahlukene Ngokungeza I-Steam Namanzi Ekufutheni Nokufutheka, Ukuze Izinto Zithambise, Isitashi Sifakwe I-Gelatin, Futhi Iphrotheni Iphinde Ifakwe I-Denatured. Enqubweni Yokukhiqiza Ukudla Kwezilwane Ezifuywayo, Inyama Encibilikayo, I-Molasses Nezinye Izinto Ngezinye izikhathi Kwengezwa Ukuze Kuthuthukiswe Ukunambitheka.
I-Conditioner Yisisetshenziswa Sesimo Esisetshenziswa Kakhulu Sokukhiqiza I-Pellet Feed. I-Steam Conditioning Yisici Esibaluleke Kakhulu Enqubweni Yokudonsa, Futhi Inani Lesisitimu Esingeziwe lincike Okuqukethwe Amanzi Ahlanganisiwe Okuphakelayo Nohlobo Lokuphakelayo. Lapho Kufakwa Isimo, Kudingeka Ukuthi Impahla Nomusi Wamanzi Kube Nesikhathi Esanele Sokuhlala Ku-conditioner, Ukuze Amanzi Angene Ngokugcwele Entweni. Uma Isikhathi Sifishane Kakhulu, Amanzi Awakwazi Ukungena Entweni, Kodwa Ahlala Kuphela Emkhathini Ngendlela Yamanzi Amahhala. Ayihambisani Nokusebenza Kwezinqubo Ezilandelayo.
I-Steam Conditioning inenani Lezinzuzo:
①Yehlisa Ukungqubuzana Futhi Welule Impilo Yokucindezela Ifilimu. Lapho Ukushisa, Amanzi Angangena Entweni, Futhi Amanzi Angasetshenziswa Njengesigcobo Ukunciphisa Ukungqubuzana Phakathi Kwezinto Ezisetshenziswayo Nefilimu Ecindezelayo, Ngaleyondlela Ehlisa Ukulahleka Kwefilimu Ecindezelayo Futhi Andise Impilo Yesevisi.
② Thuthukisa Amandla Okukhiqiza. Uma Okuqukethwe Komswakama Kuphansi Kakhulu Ngesikhathi Se-Extrusion, I-Viscosity Phakathi Kwezingxenye Ezihlukahlukene Zezinto Ziyoba Mbi, Futhi Ikhono Lokubunjwa Lizophinde Libe Libi. Ukwenyusa Umswakama Okuqukethwe Kungakhuphula Ngokuphawulekayo Ikhono Lokukhiqiza Lama-Pellet, Futhi Uma Umphumela Muhle, Amandla Okukhiqiza Anganyuswa Ngo-30%.
③ Yehlisa Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Uma Okuqukethwe Komswakama Kuphansi, Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Okulandelayo Ukukhipha Kanye Nezinye Izinqubo Kuyanda, Futhi Inombolo Yokusebenza Ingehliswa Uma Inani Elifanayo Lokudla Likhiqizwa Ngemva Kokwenza I-Steam, Ngaleyondlela Kwehliswa Ukusetshenziswa Kagesi.
④ Thuthukisa Ikhwalithi Yezinhlayiya. Ukulawula Inani Lomhwamuko Wamanzi Ongezwe Ngokuvumelana Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe Ezihlukile Ngesikhathi Sokushisa Kungathuthukisa Ikhwalithi Yamagranules.
⑤ Thuthukisa Ukuphepha Kokudla. Ngesikhathi Senqubo Ye-Steam Conditioning, Isitimu Esinezinga Lokushisa Eliphezulu Esingeziwe Singabulala Amagciwane Ahlukahlukene E-Pathogenic Aqukethwe Ezintweni Ezihlukahlukene Zokuphakelayo Futhi Kuthuthukise Ukuphepha Kokudla.
Ama-Powder Ahlukahlukene Ngemva Kokufakwa Kwe-Conditioning Athunyelwa Ngokuqondile Egunjini Lokukhipha Le-Extruder, Kanye Nesimusi Esengeziwe, Amanzi, Futhi Ngezinye izikhathi Okusanhlamvu Okusampushana Okumahhadla Okwempushana, Inyama Ewudaka, Njll. I-Extrusion Chamber Iyingxenye Eyinhloko Yohlelo Lokukhipha, Futhi Iningi Lemisebenzi Yohlelo Lonke Iqedwa Ngale ngxenye. Iqukethe I-Screw, Sleeve And Die Etc. Lesi Sakhiwo Esizocacisa Ukuthi I-Extruder Izoba Isikulufa Esisodwa Noma I-Twin, Uma Inama Shaft Amabili Ahambisanayo Izoba I-Twin Screw Extruder, Uma Inesikulufa Esisodwa Kuphela Kuyoba Isikulufu Esisodwa. I-Extruder. Umsebenzi Oyinhloko Wale ngxenye Ukuxuba Nokupheka Izithako, Futhi Ingagcwaliswa Ngamanzi Noma Igesi Ngokwesimo Sangempela. I-Extrusion Chamber ihlukaniswe Ingxenye Yokudla, Ingxenye Yokuxuba Nengxenye Yokupheka. Isigaba Sokuxuba Isango Lokungena Lapho Impushana Eshisayo Ingena Egunjini Lokukhipha, Futhi Ukuminyana Kwempahla Eluhlaza Kuphansi Kakhulu Ngalesi sikhathi; Lapho Ingcindezi Yangaphakathi Yesigaba Sokuxuba Ikhula, Ukuminyana Kwempahla Eluhlaza Nayo Iyakhula Kancane Kancane, Futhi Izinga Lokushisa Nokucindezela Esigabeni Sokupheka Kwenyuka Kakhulu. Isakhiwo Se-Raw Material Siqale Ukushintsha. Ukungqubuzana Phakathi Kwe-Powder Nodonga Lomgqomo, Isikulufu, kanye Nempushana Iya ngokukhula futhi ibe nkulu, Futhi Izimpushana Ezihlukahlukene Ziyaphekwa Futhi Zivuthwe Ngaphansi Kwemithelela Ehlanganisiwe Yokungqubuzana, Amandla Okugunda Nokushisisa. Izinga Lokushisa Egunjini Lokukhipha Ingafaka Isitashi I-Gelatini Eningi Futhi Livimbele Iningi Lama-Pathogenic Microorganisms.
Abanye Abakhiqizi Bokudla Kwezilwane Ezifuywayo Njengamanje Bengeza Udaka Lwenyama Enqubweni Yokukhipha, Evumela Inyama Entsha Ukuba Isetshenziswe Kumaresiphi Esikhundleni Senyama Eyomile Yodwa. Ngenxa Yokuqukethwe Umswakama Ophakeme Wenyama Engaphekiwe, Lokhu Kuvumela Ukukhuphuka Kwengxenye Yempahla Yezilwane Ekubunjweni Kwempahla Yokuphakelayo. Ukwandisa Okuqukethwe Kwenyama Entsha Okungenani Kunikeza Abantu Umuzwa Oseqophelweni Eliphezulu.
Inqubo ye-Extrusion Inezinzuzo Eziningana:
①Izinga Lokushisa Eliphezulu Nokucindezela Okuphezulu Okukhiqizwe Enqubweni Yokunwetshwa Kungavala Amagciwane Ngokuphumelelayo;
② Ingakhuphula Ngokuphawulekayo Idigri Yokunwetshwa Kwesitashi. Kunobufakazi Bokuthi Inqubo Ye-Extrusion Ingenza I-Degree Yokunwetshwa Kwesitashi Ifinyelele Ngaphezulu Kwe-90%, Ngakho-ke Ukugaya Kwesitashi Ngezilwane Ezifuywayo Kuthuthukiswe Kakhulu;
③ Amaphrotheni Ahlukahlukene Ezinto Ezingavuthiwe Enziwa Ukuze Kuthuthukiswe Ukugaya Kwephrotheni;
④ Susa Izinto Ezihlukahlukene Eziphikisana Nokudla Okunempilo Ezintweni Zokuphakelayo, Njenge-Antitrypsin Kubhontshisi Wesoya.
Kukhona Ukufa Ekuphumeni Kwe-Extruder, Futhi Lapho I-Raw Eyengeziwe Idlula Kufa, Ivolumu Yanda Ngokushesha Ngenxa Yokwehla Kungazelelwe Kwezinga Lokushisa Nengcindezi. Ngokushintsha I-Die Holes, Abakhiqizi Bokudla Kwezilwane Ezifuywayo Bangakwazi Ukukhiqiza Ukudla Kwezilwane Ezifuywayo Ngenhlanganisela Eningi Yezimo, Osayizi kanye Nemibala. Leli khono Lokuhlanganisa Empeleni Libaluleke Kakhulu Njengoba Imakethe Ishintsha, Kodwa Akukuningi Okungashintsha Ngokwemibandela Yokuhlangabezana Nokufaneleka Komsoco Kokudla Kwezilwane Ezifuywayo.
Lo Mkhiqizo OPuffed Usikwa KumaGranules Obude Obuthile Ngesisiki Esijikelezayo. I-Cutter Ifakwe 1 kuya ku-6 Blades. Ukuze Ulungise Isivinini Saso Esizungezayo, Umsiki Uvamise Ukushayelwa Imoto Encane Yodwa.
Okuqukethwe Kwamafutha Okudla Kwezilwane Ezifuywayo Okomile Kuhluka Kusukela Ku-6% Kuya Ngaphezulu Kwama-25%. Kodwa-ke, Okuphezulu Kakhulu Okuqukethwe Kwamafutha Akukwazi Ukwengezwa Enqubweni Yokukhipha, Ngoba Izinga Lokushisa Eziphezulu Nokucindezela Okuphezulu Enqubweni Yokukhipha Kuzothinta I-Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Futhi Kuthinta I-Extrusion Nokubunjwa Kokudla. Ngakho-ke, Indlela Yokufafaza Amafutha Emkhathini Ngemva Kokukhukhumala Ivamise Ukusetshenziselwa Ukwandisa Okuqukethwe Kwamafutha Omkhiqizo. Amafutha Ashisayo Afafazwe Phezu Kokudla Okukhukhumele Amuncwa Kalula. Inani Lomjovo Wamafutha Lingashintshwa Ngokulungisa Isivinini Sokukhiqiza Nejubane Lokwengeza Amafutha, Kodwa Le Ndlela Ithambekele Emaphutha Amakhulu. Muva nje, Indlela Yokulawula Engalungisa Inani Lokwengezwa Kwamafutha Isunguliwe. Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa iSpeed Regulation System kanye nePositive Pressure Oil Pump System, Iphutha Lalo Liphakathi kuka-10%. Lapho Ufutha, Kudingeka Ukuthi Amafutha Kufanele Afinyelele Ngaphezulu Kwe-5%, Ngaphandle kwalokho Angeke Afafazwe Ngokulinganayo. Kuvamile Ukufafaza Ukugaya Kwamaprotheni Kanye/Noma Ama-flavour Endaweni Yokudla Kwezilwane Ezifuywayo Ukuze Kuthuthukiswe Ukwamukelwa Kokudla Kwezilwane Ezifuywayo (Corbin, 2000) (Nrc2006).
Ngemuva kokuthi Ukukhipha Nokufutheka Kuqediwe, Kudingeka Komiswe Ukuze Kukhishwe I-Steam Namanzi Ajovwe Ngesikhathi Senqubo Yokukhipha. Ngokuvamile, Umswakama Osekudleni Ungafinyelela Ku-22% Kuya Ku-28% Ngesikhathi Sokucubungula, Futhi Ngemva Kokucubungula, Kudingeka Ukomiswe Ukwenza Umswakama Ufinyelele Ku-10% Kuya Ku-12% Ukuze Uvumelane Nempilo Yeshelufu Yomkhiqizo. Inqubo Yokomisa Ivamise Ukuqedwa Ngomshini Wokomisa Oqhubekayo Nge-Cooler Ehlukile Noma Inhlanganisela Yokomisa Nokupholisa. Ngaphandle Kokomiswa Okufanelekile, Ukudla Kwezilwane Ezifuywayo Okunwetshiwe Kungaba Kubi, Ngokuqhakaza Kwama-Microbial kanye Nokukhula Kwesikhunta Ngezinga Elishaqisayo. Iningi Lalawa Amagciwane Angagulisa Amakati Nezinja, Isibonelo, Ngisho Nenani Elincane Lobuthi Elikhiqizwa Isikhunta Esikhwameni Sokudla Kwezinja Lingathinta Izinja. Isilinganiso Esivame Ukusetshenzwa Senani Lamanzi Amahhala Ekudleni Kwezilwane Inkomba Yomsebenzi Wamanzi, Okuchazwa Njengesilinganiso Sokulingana Sokucindezela Kwamanzi Kwasendaweni Nokucindezela Komhwamuko Ophezu Kokudla Kwezilwane Ezifuywayo Ngezinga Lokushisa Elifanayo. Ngokujwayelekile, Amagciwane amaningi Akakwazi Ukukhula Uma Umsebenzi Wamanzi Uphansi Kuno-0.91. Uma Umsebenzi Wamanzi Ungaphansi kuka-0.80, Izibungu Eziningi Ngeke Zikwazi Ukukhula Nazo.
Kubaluleke Kakhulu Ukulawula Umswakama Okuqukethwe Komkhiqizo Ngesikhathi Senqubo Yokomisa Ukudla Kwezilwane Ezifuywayo. Isibonelo, Uma Umswakama Womkhiqizo Womile Usuka Ku-25% Ukuya Ku-10%, U-200kg Wamanzi Kumele Uhwamuke Ukuze Ukhiqize I-1000kg Yokudla Okumile, Futhi Uma Umswakama Womile Usuka Ku-25% Ukuya Ku-12%, Kudingeka Ukukhiqiza I-1000kg. Kokudla Ukomisa Ukudla Kuphela Kudinga Ukuhwamuka 173kg Wamanzi. Iningi Lokudla Kwezilwane Ezifuywayo Komiswa Kokomisa Indilinga Ye-Conveyor.
03: Izinzuzo Zokudla Kwesilwane Esifuywayo Okunwetshiwe
Ukwengeza Ebuhleni Bokuthandeka Okuhle, Ukudla Kwezilwane Ezikhukhumezayo Kuphinde Kube Nochungechunge Lwezinye Izinzuzo:
① Izinga Lokushisa Eziphezulu, Ukucindezela Okuphezulu, Umswakama Ophezulu kanye Nemiphumela Ehlukahlukene Yemishini Enqubweni Yokukhukhuma Ukudla Ingakhuphula Ngokuphawulekayo Idigri Yesitashi Ekuphakeleni, Ifake Iphrotheni Ekuyo, Futhi Icekele phansi I-Lipase Ekhiqizwe Amagciwane Ahlukahlukene Ngasikhathi sinye Yenza Amafutha Aqine Kakhudlwana. Kuyasiza Ukuthuthukisa Ukugaya Kwezilwane Kanye Nezinga Lokusetshenziswa Kokudla.
②Izinga Lokushisa Eliphezulu Nokucindezela Okuphezulu Kwempahla Engavuthiwe Egunjini Lokukhipha Kungabulala Izinhlobonhlobo Zamagciwane Ase-Pathogenic Aqukethwe I-Raw Material, Ukuze Ukudla Kuhlangabezane Nezimfuneko Zenhlanzeko Ezifanelekile Futhi Kuvimbele Izifo Ezihlukahlukene Zepheshana Lokugaya Ezidalwa Ngokuphakela Ukudla.
③I-Extrusion kanye Nokukhukhumeza Kungakhiqiza Imikhiqizo Eyimbudumbudu Yezimo Ezihlukahlukene, Njengokudla Kwekati Kungakhiqizwa Ngesimo Senhlanzi, Ukudla Kwenja Kungakhiqizwa Kube Yisimo Sethambo Elincane, Okungathuthukisa Isifiso Sezilwane Ezifuywayo Zokudla.
④ Ukugaya Ukudla Kungathuthukiswa Ngokukhukhumeza, Futhi Ukunambitha Nephunga Lokudla Kungathuthukiswa, Okubaluleke Ikakhulukazi Ezinjeni Ezincane Namakati Amalungu azo Okugaya Angakathuthuki.
⑤Okuqukethwe Amanzi Okuphakelayo Kwe-Pellet Eyomile Kungu-10% -12% Kuphela, Okungagcinwa Isikhathi Eside Ngaphandle Kokubanga Isikhutha.
04: Umthelela Wokwengezwa Ekugayekeni Kwezakhamzimba
Inqubo Yokukhipha Ukudla Kwezilwane Ezifuywayo Inomthelela Obalulekile Ekugayekeni Kwezakhamzimba Ezihlukahlukene, Ikakhulukazi Isitashi, Amaprotheni, Amafutha, Namavithamini.
Isitashi Singena Ku-Gelatinization Ngaphansi Kwesenzo Esihlanganisiwe Sezinga Lokushisa Eliphezulu, Ingcindezi Ephezulu, Nomswakama Ngesikhathi Sokushisa Nokukhipha. Inqubo Ecacile Ukuthi Isitashi Esikungxube Yempushana Siqala Ukumunca Amanzi Futhi Sincibilike Ku-Steam Conditioning, Bese Silahlekelwa Ukwakheka Kwekristalu Yangempela. Ngesikhathi Senqubo Yokukhipha, Ngokunyuka Okuqhubekayo Komswakama, Izinga Lokushisa, Nokucindezela, Umphumela Wokuvuvuka Kwesitashi Uqina Kakhudlwana, Futhi Ngokwezinga elithile, Izinhlamvana Zesitashi Ziqala Ukuqhekeka, Futhi Ngalesi sikhathi, Isitashi Siqala Ukwenza I-gelatinize. Lapho I-Material Eyengeziwe Ikhishwa Ku-Die, Ngoba Ingcindezi Yehla Kungazelelwe Ifinyelela Kungcindezi Yomkhathi, I-starch Granules Iqhuma Kakhulu, Futhi I-Degree Ye-Gelatinization Ikhuphuka Kakhulu. Izinga Lokushisa Nengcindezi Enqubweni Ye-Extrusion Kuthinta Ngokuqondile Izinga Le-Gelatinization Yesitashi. UMercier et Al. (1975) Kutholwe Ukuthi Lapho Okuqukethwe Kwamanzi Kungu-25%, Izinga Lokushisa Elingcono Kakhulu Le-Cornstarch Lalingu-170-200oc. Ngaphakathi Kwalolu Banga, I-In Vitro Digestibility Yesitashi Ngemva Kwe-Gelatinization Ingafinyelela Ku-80%. Uma kuqhathaniswa Nokugaya Ngaphambi Kokunwetshwa (18% ) Kunyuke Kakhulu Ngo-18%. U-Chiang Et Al. (1977) Kutholwe Ukuthi IDegree Yesitashi IGelatinization Yanda Ngokunyuka Kwezinga Lokushisa Ku-65-110oc, Kodwa I-Degree Yesitashi IGelatinization Yehla Ngokunyuka Kwejubane Lokudla.
Inqubo Ye-Steam Conditioning Kanye Ne-Extrusion Iphinde Ibe Nomthelela Obalulekile Ekugayekeni Kwephrotheni, Futhi Injwayelo Okuvamile Ukwenza Iphrotheni Ishintshe Indlela Ezuzisa Ukugaya Kwezilwane. Ngaphansi Kwesenzo Se-Steam Conditioning kanye Nokucindezela Komshini, Iphrotheni Yenziwa Ukwakha Izinhlamvana, Futhi Ukuncibilika Kwamanzi Kuyancipha. Ukuphakama Kwamaphrotheni, Ukuncibilika Kwamanzi Kuyancipha.
I-Gelatinization Yesitashi Iphinde Ibe Nomthelela Obalulekile Ekuncibilikeni Kwamanzi Kwephrotheni. Isitashi Esifakwe I-Gelatinized Sakha Isakhiwo Se-Membrane Esonga Ngokuzungeza Iphrotheni, Okuholela Ekwehleni Kokuncibilika Kwamanzi Amaprotheni.
Ngemuva kokuthi Iphrotheni Seyinwetshiwe, Isakhiwo Salo Naso Siyashintsha, Futhi Isakhiwo Salo Se-Quaternary Yehliswa Ibe Isakhiwo Esiphakeme Noma Ngisho Nesesibili, Esifinyeza Kakhulu Isikhathi Se-Hydrolysis Yephrotheni Ngesikhathi Sokugaya. Kodwa-ke, i-Glutamic Acid Noma I-Aspartic Acid Ngaphakathi Kwephrotheni Izosabela Nge-Lysine, Eyehlisa Izinga Lokusebenzisa I-Lysine. Ukusabela Kwe-Maillard Phakathi Kweqembu Le-ε-Amino Le-Amino Acid Noshukela Emazingeni Okushisa Aphakeme Futhi Yehlisa Ukugaya Kwamaprotheni. Izinto Eziphikisana Nokudla Okunomsoco Ezintweni Ezingavuthiwe, Njenge-Antitrypsin, Ziyacekelwa Futhi Lapho Kushiswa, Okuthuthukisa Ukugaya Kwephrotheni Ngezilwane Kokunye.
Phakathi Nenqubo Yonke Yokukhiqiza, Okuqukethwe Kwephrotheni Ekudleni Akushintshile, Futhi Amandla Ama-amino Acid Awashintshi Ngokuphawulekayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-02-2023